The discovery of a rampart protecting the Khaybar oasis has revolutionized the study of the history of the Arabian Peninsula. First unearthed by CNRS archaeologists, this rampart stretches almost 15 kilometers. It dates from around 2,000 BC and confirms the presence of a complex of walled oases across northern Arabia as early as the Bronze Age. This mission is carried out as part of the “Khaybar Longue Durée” archaeological project, led by AFALULA in collaboration with the Royal Commission for AlUla (RCU).